Plants:

Plants grow upward. The heat from the sunlight pulls the water and food from the ground through the roots, and toward tiny holes at the other end of the plant. These little holes are mostly on the plant's leaves. This is called transpiration. The word plant can also mean to put something in the ground. For example, farmers plant seeds in the ground. There are two types of plants:

Flowering plants: The plants which produce flowers as their reproductive structures are called flowering plants. There is a vast variety of shapes and sizes in flowering plants. Flowering plants include grasses, sedges, rushes, many trees, as well as familiar plants like roses and orchids. Flowers often have brightly colored petals but not always. The flowers conceal inside them the female ovules which will be fertilized by pollen grains. The pollen grains are the male parts of the flower. Fertilized ovules develop into the seeds which develop into new plants after planted those in land. There are three types of flowering plants. They are 1) Angiosperms 2) Dicotyledons (dicot) 3) Monocotyledons (monocot).

Non - Flowering Plants: The plants which do not produce flowers are called non flowering plants. Plants such as ferns and mosses are called non flowering plants. They produce spores instead of seeds. There are four types of non flowering plants. They are 1) Algae 2) Mosses 3) Ferns and 4) Gymnosperms.

Plants need sunlight to grow green. If plants are grown without sunlight, they turn into yellow and grow tall. This is because they are looking for sunlight, which boosts the plant's chlorophyll levels. Chlorophyll levels help it grow green. In general, plants produce flowers and flowers produce nice smells, unless they produce bad smells. More About Plants, List of Plant Names.

Flower:

Flower is a reproductive organ of certain plants. Flower often produce fruits containing seeds. A conifer is an example, which produces naked seeds on scales united to form a cone without flowers.

Every flower is a terminal branch consisting of a modified stem, the floral axis, or receptacle. The floral axis bears one to four types of specialized appendages, or modified leaves, usually arranged in whorls in the more advanced flowers and spirally arranged in the more primitive ones. In a typical flower the outermost whorl, the calyx, consists of a number of sepals that protect the flower bud before it blooms. The next whorl on the floral receptacle, the corolla, is composed of a number of petals, often bearing nectar-producing glands that aid in attracting pollinators (see Pollination). The next whorl, the androecium, consists of a number of stamens that produce in anthers the pollen necessary for reproduction. Two whorls of stamens may be present. The next, or innermost, whorl of the flower, called the gynoecium, consists of several carpels frequently fused to form a pistil. Each carpel contains at least one placenta to which are attached ovules, or immature seeds. The calyx and corolla are collectively known as the perianth.

Flowering plants are divided into two major classes. They are Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons. In the Dicotyledons, floral organs in multiples of five or four predominate and in the Monocotyledons, multiples of three are usual.

Most angiosperm species bear flowers that deviate from the norm described above. Flowers that bear sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels are termed complete; a flower lacking any of these whorls is called incomplete. If the parts involved in reproduction—the stamens or pistils—are lacking, the flower is said to be imperfect. It is a perfect flower if both pistils and stamens are present. If only pistils are present the flower is said to be pistillate; with stamens only, staminate. Typical flowers are bisexual. When staminate and pistillate flowers occur on one plant, it is said to be monoecious; when they occur on different plants, dioecious.

In many flowers, sepals and petals are uniform in size and arranged in a star-shaped, or radially symmetrical, form. Bilaterally symmetrical flowers, however, have petals that differ in size or shape. The five petals of the Sweet Pea, for example, include a large, showy banner, or standard petal; two smaller, wing-like petals at the side of the flower; and between them the keel, two petals that encase the pistils and stamens. These petals are united along their edges.

Floral parts vary in their relative positioning. In a hypogynous flower the sepals form the lowest whorl, followed by successively higher whorls of petals, stamens, and pistils. In a perigynous flower, there is a floral cup that surrounds the gynoecium, with the other floral parts attached to the rim of the cup. In some cases the floral cup is the result of the fusion of the basal portions of the other floral parts; in other cases it is the result of an upward extension of the receptacle. In an epigynous flower, the floral cup is fused to the gynoecium, and the other floral parts are on top of the ovary, as in apple flowers.

Flowers that have numerous spirally arranged parts separately attached to their floral axes appeared earlier in the evolution of angiosperms. Flowers that vary from this condition are more derived. Thus, whorling, reduction of parts, fusion of parts, loss of parts, and bilateral symmetry indicate modification. The flower in possession of all or any one of these characteristics is more derived. If only one characteristic is present, the flower is considered derived for that characteristic alone. Buttercups and magnolias are among the oldest plants on Earth in terms of resemblance to fossil ancestry, while it is believed that the earliest flowering plants were most closely related genetically to Amborella, a small, cream-coloured flower from New Caledonia; Nymphaea, or water lilies; and Austrobaileya, a plant native to Australia. Snapdragons, mints, composite flowers, and orchids are among the most advanced—that is, more recently evolved. More About Flower, List of Flowers, Types of Flowers.

Gardening:

The term ‘Gardening’ means as cultivation of plants in enclosed areas for ornamental purposes. It is distinct from agriculture and horticulture. They both are concerned with plants grown on a large scale for economic or other gain to the cultivator. Scientific research into plants is normally a matter for the botanist. Also see Botanical Garden; Botany; Plant Breeding.

Gardening is often a matter of recreation for the home gardener, who usually follows the patterns and methods established by commercial and professional gardeners but adapted to smaller operations. The gardener may purchase some plants, seeds, and tools from a commercial nursery, which provides various services to householders and small-scale gardeners. See History of Gardening; Landscape Architecture.

The type of garden planted by the average home owner generally depends on a number of cultivation variables, as well as on individual tastes and preferences. Among such variables are soil type and fertility, wind and sun exposure, air pollution (if in or near large urban centers), position of existing trees and shrubs, visual effect desired, amount of land available, size and design of buildings, need for walks and pathways, desire for privacy, and ease of maintenance. Local regional climate determines the plants available and useful to the home gardener. More About Gardening, Types of Garden.

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